In addition, placenta, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue produce factors related to insulin resistance, such as Human placental lactogen (hPL), human placental growth hormone (hPGH), leptin, TNF-α, etc., which may reduce the efficiency of glucose uptake or cause insulin signal transduction obstacle (Kirwan et al., 2002; Andersson-Hall et al., 2020). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.