The downstream target genes of the Wnt canonical pathway are all involved in renal fibrosis, including fibronectin 1 (FN1), Cluster of differentiation 44 (Cd44), fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) (Pishvaian and Byers, 2007). This evidence concerns the gene S100A4 and renal fibrosis.