Using the humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus mouse model, our group also observed higher infection frequencies of lung DN T-cells than those of the blood and spleen in both early and late HIV infection stages, meaning that apart from AMs and CD4 T-cells, HIV is also seeded in pulmonary mucosal DN T-cells early following infection and persists in these potential cellular HIV reservoirs even during long-term ART (58). Here, CD4 is linked to infection.