A retrospective study in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer showed that the level of CD3+CD56+CD16+ T cells in the peripheral blood significantly increased after anti-PD-1 antibody plus CIK cell therapy, whereas the level of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) did not change significantly; by contrast, there was no change in the level of CD3+CD56+CD16+ T cells in the peripheral blood for patients who received anti-PD-1 monotherapy although the MDSC level increased significantly (17). The gene discussed is NCAM1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.