IFNA1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Although the activation of immune system was strongly evidenced in antibody positive individual at risk for T1D (6, 14, 58), including an IFN-regulated signature consistent with the hypothesis of viral etiology (4, 7, 8), inflammatory pathways were observed in some (3, 5, 13) but not all (4, 14) studies in recent onset T1D.