BRAF and melanoma: Although several predictive and prognostic biomarkers for clinical responses have been identified, such as overall mutation burden, pathway-specific mutations (e.g., BRAF/MEK/CDKN2A), and absolute lymphocyte/neutrophil count (ALC/ANC) ratio, additional biomarkers are needed to better understand the process of progression in patients receiving BRAF inhibitor with or without MEK inhibitor for melanoma therapy3,4.