NOS3 and ischemia: In another study by da Costa et al., involving rats exposed to unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral renal ischemic-reperfusion (I/R), administration of 150 mg/kg/day of red Propolis (RP) 3 days before the procedure and one hour prior to surgical procedure or ischemia caused a significant decrease in urine and renal tissue MDA and a significant increase in renal tissue glutathione (GSH), renal endothelial NOS (eNOS) score, and renal heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) score [27].