However, the effects of Propolis on HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C), NO, NOS, serum and renal IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP, SCr, uric acid, urea, eGFR, BUN, BP, and kidney weight in subjects of AKI and CKD were satisfactory. Here, NOS1 is linked to acute kidney injury.