TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Similarly, in Zakerkish et al. study, Propolis intake at the dosage of 1000 mg/day in patients with T2DM for 90 days significantly caused serum reduction of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and TNF-α levels but did not significantly change serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 [32].