To date, there is no evidence that evidence-based guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure drives neurocognitive dysfunction [42], and indeed it has been posited that centrally acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) such as perindopril or captopril, which cross the blood-brain barrier, may slow the progression of cognitive impairment in those with dementia [43]. Here, ACE is linked to Cognitive impairment.