More recently, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) axis was suggested by Piotrowska and colleagues [19] as a promising candidate for the prevention of IBD and its severe complications, such as intestinal fibrosis, given that the Nrf2/Keap1 axis was shown to influence the production of ECM components including collagen and TGF-β1 in the gut. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.