In addition, and similarly to what is found in Crohn’s disease patients, extensive ECM deposition was observed in AIEC-infected mice, along with higher expression levels of collagen types I/III, and the enhanced expression of profibrotic mediators such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective-tissue growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) [26]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and Crohn disease.