TNF and arthritic joint disease: When FLUR-loaded HA-BSA NPs were compared to FLUR-loaded BSA NPs in an arthritis-induced rat model, the anti-arthritic potential of FLUR-loaded HA-BSA NPs was shown to be higher where they showed a significant reduction in knee diameter, inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-, as well as a drop in iNOS levels in inflamed tissues.