TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In our study, markedly reduced MCP-1, TNF-α, and hsCRP concentrations were observed in the liver tissue of MET+SM-treated HHTg rats (Table 3), while the reduced content of resistin, a novel adipokine and promising marker of inflammation, which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, NAFLD, and T2DM in animal and human studies [58,59], was not potentiated with SM supplementation.