IGF1 and atherosclerosis: Further metabolic pathways, e.g., the IGF transport and uptake of IGF-binding proteins pathway, type I diabetes mellitus signaling, lipid and atherosclerosis, C-type leptin receptor signaling, estrogen-dependent nuclear events and extranuclear signaling and RETN signaling, encoding resistin, are dysregulated in HS, as shown in the present review.