TGFB1 and neoplasm: The tumor microenvironment is composed of; (1) cells such as hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, including regulatory and cytotoxic T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and endothelial cells, (2) proteolytic enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), (3) growth factors, for example, transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), 4) inflammatory cytokines, and (5) extracellular matrix (ECM) [142,143,144,145].