As such, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is one of the most influential mediators in the fibrosis process in CKD, since it stimulates the accumulation of matrix proteins and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inhibits matrix degradation and regulates myofibroblast activation [42,43,44,45]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.