Various phase I/phase II clinical trials investigating NIS as a reporter and therapy gene have used virus-mediated NIS gene delivery for recurrent or refractory prostate cancer (NCT00788307), multiple myeloma combined with cyclophosphamide (NCT00450814, NCT02192775 NCT02192775) [121], and resistant ovarian cancer [122]. Here, SLC5A5 is linked to prostate carcinoma.