CASP9 and cancer: The in vitro studies showed significant apoptosis in co-loaded niosome encapsulation and even much more in functionalized niosome nanoparticles by upregulation in the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 as pro-apoptotic genes and downregulating cyclin-D, cyclin-E, MMP-2, and MMP-9 as genes contributing to cancer development and progression.