SNPs associated with increased susceptibility to infection and/or poor outcomes include SNPs of genes that encode cell surface receptors (e.g., CD14, MD2, toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and Fc-gamma receptors II and III), cytokines (e.g., TNF, lymphotoxin-alpha, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and interferon gamma), lipopolysaccharide ligands (LPS binding protein, bactericidal permeability increasing protein), angiotensin I-converting enzyme, plasminogen activator inhibitor, mannose-binding lectin, heat shock protein 70, and caspase-12 [3,20,21,22,23]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.