Expression of ATL9, FBS1, PCC1, and PDF1.2 has also been shown to be important for defense responses during fungal infection, and our current data show that ATL9 can directly bind to FBS1, PCC1 and PDF1.2 (Figure 2 and Figure 3) and target them for degradation to the proteasome (Figure 4 and Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene LAGE3 and fungal infectious disease.