We have shown that MIP-3α possesses antiviral activity when added post-infection and that the CCR6 ligands MIP-3α and human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) induce the expression of the host restriction factor APOBEC3G in both unstimulated and PHA-stimulated PBMCs and CD4+ T cells [26]. The gene discussed is CCR6; the disease is infection.