Several randomised phase III trials have now shown that treatment of NSCLC patients with advanced disease possessing sensitising EGFR mutations using first- or second-generation TKIs resulted in superior response rates, enhanced progression-free survival, reduced toxicities and increased quality of life compared to standard chemotherapy (for review, see references [30,31,32,33]). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.