Enriched pathways previously implicated in AKI that were repressed between Baseline and ADHF included the xenobiotic pregnane X receptor (PXR) signalling pathway (anti-inflammatory) [30,31], the xenobiotic metabolism aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling pathway (anti-proliferation, pro-inflammatory) [32,33], the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα/RXRα) pathway (anti-inflammatory) [34,35], and the protein kinase R (PKR) in interferon induction and antiviral response pathway (pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory) [36,37]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and acute kidney injury.