PDK4 and atherosclerosis: The application of anti-miR33 therapy (miR33 is a known repressor of several energy-metabolism responsible genes, namely, PGC-1α (PPARG coactivator 1 alpha), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) and SLC25A25 (calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein ScaMC-2)) resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, the subsequent stimulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux and the reduction of atherosclerosis [89].