IL1B and infection: Inflammation appears to have a key role during C. irritans infection, as the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and some molecules of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, TLR-2, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), are up-regulated upon infection [7,16].