In obesity, actual reduction of microvessel per given tissue volume, or structural capillary regression, has been suggested to be biphasic: an early phase characterized by increased leukocyte adhesion/rolling, oxidant stress, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and vascular TXA2 and a later phase mediated by impaired NO-bioavailability [71,77]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.