TNF and cancer: Cancer cells can hijack the immune system by favoring the activation of cancer activating fibroblast (CAFs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), influencing the polarization of tumor associated macrophages, causing the production of growth factor, suppressive cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), thus determining immune escape and inhibiting the immune response [45].