PDK4 and breast cancer: Similarly, in some cancers, such as breast cancer (BC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), EMT has been shown to either activate glycolysis, by inhibiting phosphofructokinase [49] and cytochrome c oxidase [50], or induce a shift from glycolysis to OXPHOS, via downregulation of PDK4, leading to an overall increase in AA, especially glutamate [47].