Researchers have suggested that SLC38A3 activity could be facilitated in an acidic environment when cells leave the primary tumor sites, thus, avoiding the unfavorable Na+ electrochemical gradient [180].SLC38A3 ↑ ⇒ GLU (HIS) ↓ ⇒ 3-PDK1 ↑ ⇒ AKT↑ ⇒ EMT, cell motility, metastasis ↑. This evidence concerns the gene SLC38A3 and neoplasm.