LEP and metabolic syndrome: The various adipokines released include hormones (e.g., leptin, adiponectin), peptides (e.g., angiotensinogen, apelin, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1), and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), visfatin, omentin, and chemerin), all of which play a major role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and MetS [36] (Table 2).