INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: One was a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial that studied the outcome of 100 mg sodium butyrate given six times daily for 45 days in type 2 diabetics [233], finding that there was no improvement in fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, or triglyceride levels; however, an increase in GLP-1 and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure were observed.