STX1A and memory impairment: Oral exposure to TPHP from PND 10-70 reduced the level of neuronal axon marker (TUBB3), pre- and postsynaptic markers synaptophysin, downregulated the gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors such as Nmda receptor (Grin2b, Grin2c, Grin2d, Grin3a), serotonin receptor (5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (Htr1α)), alpha-adrenergic receptor (Adra1α), and inhibited synaptic proteins (Stx1a, Syt1) for calcium signal in hippocampal neurons and resulting in learning and memory impairment in mice [30].