Further studies are in support of the anti-oxidative potential of hAFS-EVs in a model of steroid-induced osteoporosis; osteoblasts treated with dexamethasone (which mimics in vitro osteoporosis damage) and receiving hAFS-EVs showed activation of survival signals, inhibition of cell death pathways, via Akt signalling, osteogenic differentiation, low ROS levels and increased the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes [59]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and osteoporosis.