CRP and metabolic disease: We excluded subjects with significant or unstable medical conditions (i.e., cardiac vascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological, hematological, rheumatological, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune disorders), but participants with mild conditions such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, or taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be included and could potentially influence CRP concentration and QA value.