Increased levels of glutamate and decreased levels of GABA due to deficient activity of PLP-dependent glutamate decarboxylase may result in a subsequent imbalance between excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters, which could in part account for the encephalopathy and seizure characteristics of PDE [16,17,18]. The gene discussed is ALDH7A1; the disease is Encephalopathy.