DPP4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In particular, immunomodulation by DPP4 inhibitors appears to be important in the development of therapeutic options for HCC because activation of lymphocyte trafficking by DPP4 inhibitors targeting CXCL10 [33] and the presence of truncated CXCL10 in serum [47,48,49,50] have already been confirmed in patients with HCC.