TTC3 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that promotes ubiquitinated degradation and the phosphorylation of Akt [55], and is related to the regulation of the cancer cell proliferation rate and the tumor heterogeneity mediated by the β1-integrin/FAK/mTORC2/AKT1-related signaling pathway [56]. Here, TTC3 is linked to neoplasm.