In H. pylori-positive gastric MALT lymphomas unresponsive to eradication therapy, NF-κB pathway mutations, including TNF-receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) mutations and TNF-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) mutations, and MALT1 translocations are enriched [54]. The gene discussed is TRAF3; the disease is MALT lymphoma.