CTSD and central nervous system cancer: However, in recent years, many molecular and genetic biomarkers have been identified as noninvasive factors in the diagnosis of gliomas, including glutamate [32], ATIA [33], cathepsin D [34], GADD45 [35], YKL40 [36], Ki67 [37], MIP-1 [38], and CDKN2A [39].