In particular, mixed IC-NST and ILC tumours (MDLs) that present with LCIS and DCIS show an early clonal divergence associated with complete loss of E-cadherin expression, whist in the majority of MDLs, which present with DCIS but not LCIS, direct clonal divergence from ductal to the lobular phenotype occurs late in tumour evolution and is associated with aberrant expression of E-cadherin [9]. The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is ductal breast carcinoma in situ.