Examples of such immune-therapeutic strategies include efforts to (1) enhance CTL and NK cells; (2) boost immunostimulatory DCs; (3) improve antigen presentation; (4) block inhibitory cytokines or chemokines; (5) inhibit immune checkpoint blockades such as PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIM-3; (6) reprogram tumor-promoting M2 towards antitumor M1 macrophages; (7) differentiate Treg and MDSC to restore their tumoricidal functions; and (8) correct aberrant metabolisms (partly exemplified in Table 1). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.