The activation of D2 dopamine (DA) receptors in NSCLC CD133+ CSCs could significantly restrain their proliferation, clonogenic ability, and invasiveness by repressing the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and AKT, including the downregulation of Oct4 and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion by these cells [75]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.