TNF and neoplasm: Th1 produce a high amount of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFNγ, IL-2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα which promote T cell priming and activation, CTL and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, anti-tumour macrophage activity and induction of an increase in the presentation of tumour antigens [129].