Other EPO-based therapeutic applications are under development, including prevention of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic lung diseases, various ocular diseases, severe COVID-19, as well as EPO use in the regenerative medicine [1,3,10,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is major depressive disorder.