ECPAS and infection: Since secreted HtpB can be found on the cytoplasmic side of the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) during intracellular infection [16], and since ECM29 seemingly couples 26S proteasomes to specific cellular compartments [32], it is possible for the HtpB-ECM29 interaction to contribute to the localization of the 26S proteasome to the LCV, enhancing protein degradation.