Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, a heterogeneous population of the myeloid lineage, induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine growth factors (including G-CSF) produce matrix metalloproteinase-9, which increases the bioavailability of VEGF, angiogenesis, tumor cell extravasation, and metastatic nodule formation in vivo [62,63]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neoplasm.