Costa-Silva and co-workers described, for the first time, the sequential steps responsible for the formation of liver pre-metastatic niches (LPMN) supportive of PC metastasis, which involved binding of Macrophage Migration inhibitory factor (MIF)+ PC-derived EVs to liver Kupffer cells, followed by TGF-β production by these cells. This evidence concerns the gene MIF and pachyonychia congenita.