PTEN and melanoma: In particular, somatic mutations occur in dominant melanoma oncogenes during melanoma progression, such as BRAF (>50%) [5,6,7], p16INK4A (40%) [8,9], NRAS (21%) [5], TERT (77%), PTEN, TP53, and ARID2, etc. Such point mutations drive the progression from benign intermediate lesions to malignant melanoma [4].