Factor Sp1 has also been studied in congenital heart defects; Li et al. for instance, studied the NKX2.5 gene in murine models and, using a transcriptional regulatory networks analysis, found a dysregulation of Sp1 and other transcriptional factors, providing evidence of the Sp1 participation in the pathogenesis of CHDs [42]. Here, SP1 is linked to Abnormal heart morphology.