We transfected HUVECs with siIDH2 with or without the treatment of UTI, and measured cell proliferation (Supplementary Figure S2b), cell migration (Supplementary Figure S3a), and markers of cell proliferation (PCNA), angiogenesis (MMP9), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 9) (Supplementary Figure S3b). Here, PCNA is linked to bacterial urinary tract infection.