MMP9 and bacterial urinary tract infection: We transfected HUVECs with siIDH2 with or without the treatment of UTI, and measured cell proliferation (Supplementary Figure S2b), cell migration (Supplementary Figure S3a), and markers of cell proliferation (PCNA), angiogenesis (MMP9), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 9) (Supplementary Figure S3b).