With progression of AD, the z-scores of CSF and plasma Aβ1–42 concentrations, hippocampal volume/ICV, and entorhinal cortex thickness decreased, whereas those of CSF NFL, CSF t-Tau, CSF p-Tau181, and plasma NFL concentrations and CSF NFL/Aβ1–42, plasma NFL/Aβ1–42, and Aβ-PET SUVR score increased (Figure 3a). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and Alzheimer disease.