After dividing patients with HCC and LC into subgroups, increasing levels of autoantibody to GNAS (Figure 3B,C) and frequencies of 19.7%, 19.7%, 37.0%, 53.2%, 62.4%, and 51.5% in NCs and patients with CHB, CC, DC, early-stage HCC, and late-stage HCC, respectively (Figure 4B) were observed. This evidence concerns the gene GNAS and hepatocellular carcinoma.