In another multicenter, single-arm phase I/II clinical trial of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and the VEGF blocker bevacizumab in metastatic ccRCC patients previously treated with different drugs (i.e., sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, interleukin-2, interferon, and temsirolimus), the authors evaluated serum levels of secreted growth factors (VEGF, FGF2, and HGF), invasion and metastatic markers (SDF and OPN), and cytokines (IL-8) [108]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.