Fasting participants with T2D had 103%, 160% and 76% higher concentrations of plasma glucose (p < 0.0001), insulin (p = 0.0002) and FFA (p = 0.015) respectively, and 425% higher insulin resistance (p = 0.0002) compared to non-diabetic controls. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.